We receive natural light from the Sun, whose surface is heated to a temperature of 10,832 degrees Fahrenheit. But visible light may be radiated by cold as well as by hot bodies

2. Substances that transform energy into light without becoming heat are called luminofores, and the light they radiate – luminescence. There are many substances in nature that are capable of absorbing invisible ultraviolet rays and turning them into visible light.

There exist two forms of luminofores. In one case the molecules themselves have the ability of transforming absorbed energy into visible light. This group includes certain components of oil and many dyes and chemical compounds. The second group is made up of crystallized substances called phosphors including very small quantities of other substances.

4. Luminofores are widely used in modern technique, in particular in the production of luminescence lamps – a common feature of our everyday life.

Luminescence is also used in television, a luminous screen being an important part of television picture tubes. Luminofores enable also to discover and observe such radiations as ultra red, ultraviolet, X-ray and alpha that are invisible to the eye as well as fast-moving elementary particles produced by radioactive disintegration or artificial transformation of the atomic nucleus.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №3.

ВАРИАНТ 5.

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

The everyday life of Londoners is often seriously affected by the fog.

An excursion to places of historical interest has been organized at our Institute.

The new power station that is being built now in this town will produce

Thousands of kw of energy.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

This new machine will be more effective than that of an old design.

It is not easy to solve this problem.

One seldom likes waiting for somebody.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. They have to get up at 6 o’clock as their working day begins at 8.

You have much time to do this exercise, and it is not difficult.

The workers have improved their methods of work.

The expedition is to start next Sunday.

My favourite occupation is reading.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функцию причастия, герундия, инфинитива.

Water may be changed into ice by freezing.

We use a thermometer to measure temperature.

The only way of getting knowledge is to learn.

To read ancient mathematical tables was very difficult.

Looking out of the window you could see the new building of Moscow

University.

V. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.

COMPUTERS

Computers are well known to represent a completely new branch of science, the first of them having appeared less than 60 years ago. Although still new, these machines are already bringing about a real revolution in science, technology, statistics and automatic control.

The reason for this is the fact that a mathematical formula can be found for almost all scientific and technical problems. They can be solved without a computer but it would require millions of arithmetical operations.

Electronic computer with a high speed can carry out several thousand arithmetical operations in one second. A calculation which would have taken several years of intense human work in the past is now done in a few minutes or hours. A number of various complicated problems have already been solved with the help of computers.

The principle of this wonderful machine lies in counting electric impulses. Numbers are represented as a sequence of such impulses and a radio-technical scheme counts them carrying out addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of all higher mathematical calculations being reduced to these four operations.

Electronic machines work according to a program prepared in advance which determines the sequence of operations. They have a very efficient electronic memory which stores the initial date, the intermediate numbers and final results as well as working commands given to the machine.

CONTROL WORK N 4

Для того, чтобы выполнить контрольную работу N 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику.

1. Инфинитивные конструкции: сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) и сложное дополнение (Complex Object).
2. Независимый и зависимый причастные обороты
3. Условные предложения.

I. ИНФИНИТИВНЫЕ КОНСТРУКЦИИ

Инфинитивная конструкция «сложное подлежащее»

Эта конструкция строится по следующей модели:

Подлежащее + Сказуемое + Инфинитив

Существительное или глагола в форме

местоимение в имени- страдательного

тельном падеже залога

This firmis said to receive high profits.

1.Эта фирма, как говорят, получает большие прибыли.

2.Говорят, что эта фирма получает высокие прибыли

The results of the test were considered to be satisfactory.

1.Результаты этого испытания, как и полагали, оказались удовлетворительные.

2.Считали, что результаты этого испытания были удовлетворительные

Следовательно, инфинитив в данной конструкции надо перевести сказуемым в том времени, в котором стоит форма глагола to be, а сказуемое – либо вводными словами (как известно, как считают), либо неопределенно-личным предложением с последующим союзом что (известно, что…; считают, что … и т.д. Глаголы: to believe-полагать; to consider-считать, полагать, рассматривать; to expect- ожидать, предполагать; to suppose –предполагать;to think (is thought) – думать, считать.

Инфинитивная конструкция «сложное подлежащее»